NON-LINEAR BACKSTEPPING SPEED CONTROL FOR ASIAN ELECTRIC SCOOTER USES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v13i1.21Keywords:
Electric scooter; Electronic differential; BLDCM; Backstepping controller.Abstract
The electric scooter has become very popular especially in large European and Asian urban areas, thanks to its some advantages. While its popularity is increasing, studies about these electric scooters are also increasing. The main objective of this study is to introduce the design of an autonomy extended electric three-wheeled scooter. For this aim, a model is obtained firstly and it is driven by two BLDC motors placed on the rear wheels independently controlled by a non-linear controller named as Backstepping. Indeed, it contains a powerful electronic differential system to ensure the security of passenger while entering the curved road. The studied model is simulated through the MATLAB Simulink environment where interesting results are shown in results.
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References
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[14] Tsai, C.C., Huang, H.C., Lin, S.C., "Adaptive Neural Network Control of A Self-Balancing Two-Wheeled Scooter". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2010, Vol.57, No.4, pp.1420-1428.
[15] Son, N.N., Anh, H.P.H., "Adaptive Backstepping Self-Balancing Control of A Two-Wheel Electric Scooter". International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 2014, Vol.11, No.10, pp.1-11.
[16] Anh, H.P.H., Son, N.N., "Hybrid PD and Adaptive Backstepping Control for Self-Balancing Two-Wheel Electric Scooter", Journal of Computer Science and Cybernetics, 2014, Vol.30, No.4, 347-360.
[17] Kim, I.S, "Nonlinear State of Charge Estimator for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008, Vol.23, No.4, pp.2027-2034.
[18] Nasri A., Gasbaoui B., "Four Wheel Electric Vehicle Behavior using Fuel Cell Supply Moving on Mountain Region Condition", International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2017, No.9, No.3, pp.469-481.
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[22] Cai-Xue, C., Yun-Xiang, X., Yong-Hong, L., "Backstepping Control of Speed Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor based on Slide Model Observer", International Journal of Automation and Computing, 2015, Vol.12, No.2, pp.149-155.
[23] Premkumar, K., Manikandan, B. V., & Kumar, C. A. "Antlion algorithm optimized fuzzy PID supervised on-line recurrent fuzzy neural network based controller for brushless DC motor", Electric Power Components and Systems, 2017, Vol.45, No.20, pp.2304-2317.
[2] Hollingsworth J., Copeland B., Johnson J.X., "Are E-Scooters Polluters? The Environmental Impacts of Shared Dockless Electric Scooters", Environmental Research Letters, 2019, Vol.14, No.8, 084031.
[3] Zhang, Q. C., & Ma, R. Q. "Backstepping High Order Sliding Mode Control for Brushless DC Motor Speed Servo Control System", Control and Decision, 2016, Vol.6, No.31, pp.962-968.
[4] Hu, J. H., Zou, J. B., "Modeling and Simulation for Adaptive Backstepping Control of PMSM, Journal of System Simulation, 2007, Vol.19, pp.247-303.
[5] Hu, J., Dawson, D. M., Carroll, J. J., "An Adaptive Integrator Backstepping Tracking Controller for Brushless DC Motor/Robotic Load", IEEE American Control Conference-ACC'94, 1994, Vol.2, pp.1401-1405).
[6] Guo, Y., Ma, D., Wang, X., Le, G., "Application of Backstepping Control to AC Position Servo System", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2011, Vol.1, pp.1-17.
[7] Shu, A. N., "Application of Sliding Mode Control with Backstepping in BLDCM Servo System", 2008, Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Vol.6, pp.131-140.
[8] Shen, Y.X., Wu, D.H., Li, S.D., Ji, Z.C., "Backstepping Method Modeling for Position Servo Controller of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor", Acta Simulata Systematica Sinica, Vol.6, pp.22-34.
[9] Lin, C.H., "Hybrid Recurrent Wavelet Neural Network Control of PMSM Servo-Drive System for Electric Scooter", International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, 2014, Vol.12, No.1, pp.177-187.
[10] Chen, B.C., Wu, Y.Y., Wu, Y.L., Lin, C.C., "Adaptive Power Split Control for A Hybrid Electric Scooter, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2011, Vol.60, No.4, pp.1430-1437.
[11] Lin, C.H., "Novel adaptive recurrent Legendre neural network control for PMSM servo-drive electric scooter", Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 2015, Vol.137, No.1, 011010.
[12] Chen, B.C., Chu, C.H., Huang, S.J., "Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of Traction Control System for Electric Scooter", IEEE Seventh International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, 2010, Vol. 2, pp.691-695.
[13] Chu, C.L., Tsai, M.C., Chen, H.Y., "Torque Control of Brushless DC Motors Applied to Electric Vehicles", IEEE IEMDC International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2001, Vol.1, pp.82-87.
[14] Tsai, C.C., Huang, H.C., Lin, S.C., "Adaptive Neural Network Control of A Self-Balancing Two-Wheeled Scooter". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2010, Vol.57, No.4, pp.1420-1428.
[15] Son, N.N., Anh, H.P.H., "Adaptive Backstepping Self-Balancing Control of A Two-Wheel Electric Scooter". International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 2014, Vol.11, No.10, pp.1-11.
[16] Anh, H.P.H., Son, N.N., "Hybrid PD and Adaptive Backstepping Control for Self-Balancing Two-Wheel Electric Scooter", Journal of Computer Science and Cybernetics, 2014, Vol.30, No.4, 347-360.
[17] Kim, I.S, "Nonlinear State of Charge Estimator for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008, Vol.23, No.4, pp.2027-2034.
[18] Nasri A., Gasbaoui B., "Four Wheel Electric Vehicle Behavior using Fuel Cell Supply Moving on Mountain Region Condition", International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2017, No.9, No.3, pp.469-481.
[19] Kayisli, K., Tuncer, S., Poyraz, M., "An Educational Tool for Fundamental DC–DC Converter Circuits and Active Power Factor Correction Applications", Computer Applications in Engineering Education, Vol.21, No.1, pp.113-134.
[20] Hemati, N., "Strange Attractors in Brushless DC Motors". IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 1994, Vol.41, No.1, pp.40-45.
[21] Qi, G., "Energy Cycle of Brushless DC Motor Chaotic System", Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2017, Vol.51, pp.686-697.
[22] Cai-Xue, C., Yun-Xiang, X., Yong-Hong, L., "Backstepping Control of Speed Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor based on Slide Model Observer", International Journal of Automation and Computing, 2015, Vol.12, No.2, pp.149-155.
[23] Premkumar, K., Manikandan, B. V., & Kumar, C. A. "Antlion algorithm optimized fuzzy PID supervised on-line recurrent fuzzy neural network based controller for brushless DC motor", Electric Power Components and Systems, 2017, Vol.45, No.20, pp.2304-2317.
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Published
2020-11-08
How to Cite
NASRI, A.; CHERGUI, H.; KORHAN, K. NON-LINEAR BACKSTEPPING SPEED CONTROL FOR ASIAN ELECTRIC SCOOTER USES. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 1, p. 400–423, 2020. DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v13i1.21. Disponível em: https://jfas.info/index.php/JFAS/article/view/1014. Acesso em: 30 jan. 2025.
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