TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING METHOD BY HPLC-DAD WITH LOCAL SPECTRAL LIBRARY AND "HOME-MADE" INTERNAL STANDARD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.1180Keywords:
HPLC-DAD, Liquid-Liquid extraction, drug poisoning, systematic toxicological analysisAbstract
A liquid-liquid extraction technique and HPLC-DAD method using a C18 column, 5μm (150x4.6mm i.d.) were developed for a toxicological drug screening. A home-made “N-acetylparoxetine” is used as internal standard. A local UV spectra library of over 130 drugs and some of their metabolites was created. This library covers the main therapeutic classes involved in intoxication cases. The developed procedure is successfully applied to different biological samples (serum, urine, gastric fluid and post mortem whole blood) and allows rapid and simultaneous detection and identification of a large number of substances and their semi-quantification in serum.
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References
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[28] Ahrens B, Blankenhorn B, Spangenberg B. Advanced fibre optical scanning in thin-layer chromatography for drug identification. J. Chromatogr. B, 2002, 772, 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1570-0232(01)00617-1
[29] Pragst F, Herzler M, Erxleben B T. Systematic toxicological analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2004, 42(11),1325-1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2004.251
[30] Stoll D R, Paek C, Carr P. Fast gradient elution reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection as a high-throughput screening method for drugs of abuse. J. Chromatogr. A. 2006, 1137, 153-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.017
[31] Moffat A C, Osselton M D, Widdop B, Watts J. Clarke’s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2011.
[32] Dehan C, Ponchel C, Oliver M, Bohand S, Moalic J L, Chevrier M, Carpentier J P, Pauli A M. Apport du screening toxicologique par CLHP/BD lors d'intoxications médicamenteuses. Revue Française des Laboratoires. 2001, 336, 65-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0338-9898(01)80392-9.
[2] De Zeeuw R A. Drug screening in biological fluids. The need for a systematic approach. Journal of Chromatography. B. Biomed. Sci. Appl. 1997, 689(1):71-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(96)00332-5
[3] Kintz P. Traité de toxicologie médico-judiciaire 2ème édition. Elsevier Masson, 2012.
[4] Flanagan R J, Taylor A, Watson I D, Whelpton R. Fundamentals of analytical toxicology. Wiley, 2007.
[5] Zhang Y, Xie W, Chen C, Lin L. Rapid screening for 61 central nervous system drugs in plasma using weak cation exchange solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2011, 5 (6), 706-720. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJPP10.292
[6] Franke J P, de Zeeuw R A. Solid-phase extraction procedures in systematic toxicological Analysis. J. Chromatogr. B. 1998, 713, 51-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00536-7
[7] Maurer H H. Analytical toxicology. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. Springer, 2010.
[8] Polettini A. Systematic toxicological analysis of drugs and poisons in biosamples by hyphenated chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. J.Chromatogr. B. 1999, 733, 47-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00264-9
[9] Drummer O H. Chromatographic screening techniques in systematic toxicological analysis. J. Chromatogr. B. 1999, 733, 27-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00265-0
[10] Decaestecker T N, Coopman E, Van Peteghem C, Van Bocxlaera F. Suitability testing of commercial solid-phase extraction sorbents for sample clean-up in systematic toxicological analysis using liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B. 2003, 789, 19-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00208-3
[11] Peters F T, Drvarov O, Lottner S, Spellmeier A, Rieger K, Haefeli W E, Maurer H H. A systematic comparison of four different workup procedures for systematic toxicological analysis of urine samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2009, 393, 735-745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2471-4
[12] Humbert L. Extraction en phase solide (SPE) : Théorie et applications. Ann. Toxicol. Anal. 2010, 22(2), 61-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ata/2010010
[13] Pragst F. Application of solid-phase microextraction in analytical toxicology. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 388, 1393-1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1289-9
[14] Papet Y, Brunet B, Mura P. Headspace (HS) et micro-extraction en phase solide (SPME) Théorie et applications. Ann. Toxicol. Anal. 2010, 22(2), 75-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ata/2010022
[15] Capolaghi B, Moulsma M, Houdret N, Baud F J. Stratégies analytiques en toxicologie d'urgence. Ann. Toxicol. Anal. 2000, 12(4), 274‑281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ata/2000002
[16] Kintz P. Toxicologie et pharmacologie médicolégales. Paris : Elsevier collection Option Bio, 1998.
[17] Langman L, Kapur M. Toxicology: Then and now. Clin. Biochem. 2006, 39, 498-510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.03.004
[18] Brunet B, Venisse N, Papet Y, Mura P. Pertinence de l’immunochimie pour les services d’urgence hospitalière. Ann. Toxicol. anal. 2009, 21(1), 37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ata/2009026
[19] Schutz H, Erdmann F, Verhoff M, Weiler G. Pitfalls of toxicological analysis. Leg. Med. 2003, 5, S6-S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1344-6223(02)00084-6
[20] Maurer H H. Position of chromatographic techniques in screening for detection of drugs or poisons in clinical and forensic toxicology and/or doping control. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2004, 42(11), 1310-1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2004.250
[21] Saint-Marcoux F, Lachatre G, Marquet P. Evaluation of an improved general unknown screening procedure using liquid-chromatography-electrospray-mass spectrometry by comparison with gas chromatography and high-performance liquid-chromatography diode array detection. J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom. 2003, 14, 14-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00801-2
[22] Lee H K, Shun Ho C, HeidiIu Y P, Judy Lai P S, Shek C C, Lo Y C, Bendstrup Klinke H, Wood M. Development of a broad toxicological screening technique for urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2009, 649, 80-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.068
[23] Venisse N, Marquet P, Duchoslav E, Dupuy J L, Lachâtre G. A General Unknown Screening Procedure for Drugs and Toxic Compounds in Serum using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray-Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2003, 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/27.1.7
[24] Broecker S, Pragst F, Bakdash A, Herre S, Tsokos M. Combined use of liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) in systematic toxicological analysis. Forensic Sci. Int. 2011, 212, 215-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.06.014
[25] Ojanperä I, Kolmonen M, Pelander A. Current use of high-resolution mass spectrometry in drug screening relevant to clinical and forensic toxicology and doping control. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 403, 1203-1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5726-z
[26] Linden R, Feltraco L, Comerlato L, Kellermann E, Antunes M V. Computer assisted substance identification in systematic toxicological analysis: New life for old methods? Forensic Sci. Int. 2010, 202, e53-e60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.05.011
[27] Hartstra J, Franke, J P, De Zeeuw R A. How to approach substance identification in qualitative bioanalysis. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. 2000, 739, 125-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00427-2
[28] Ahrens B, Blankenhorn B, Spangenberg B. Advanced fibre optical scanning in thin-layer chromatography for drug identification. J. Chromatogr. B, 2002, 772, 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1570-0232(01)00617-1
[29] Pragst F, Herzler M, Erxleben B T. Systematic toxicological analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2004, 42(11),1325-1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2004.251
[30] Stoll D R, Paek C, Carr P. Fast gradient elution reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection as a high-throughput screening method for drugs of abuse. J. Chromatogr. A. 2006, 1137, 153-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.10.017
[31] Moffat A C, Osselton M D, Widdop B, Watts J. Clarke’s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2011.
[32] Dehan C, Ponchel C, Oliver M, Bohand S, Moalic J L, Chevrier M, Carpentier J P, Pauli A M. Apport du screening toxicologique par CLHP/BD lors d'intoxications médicamenteuses. Revue Française des Laboratoires. 2001, 336, 65-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0338-9898(01)80392-9.
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2022-04-30
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SOBHI, K.; MÉLAÏNE, S.; ABDAOUI, A.; MAMMAR, M. TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING METHOD BY HPLC-DAD WITH LOCAL SPECTRAL LIBRARY AND "HOME-MADE" INTERNAL STANDARD. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 351–367, 2022. DOI: 10.4314/jfas.1180. Disponível em: https://jfas.info/index.php/JFAS/article/view/1180. Acesso em: 31 jan. 2025.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Khaled Sobhi, Souhila Mélaïne, Abderrahmane Abdaoui, Mohamed Mammar
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