EVALUATION OF SPECTRUM OCCUPANCY AND COMPARISON FOR THREE DIFFERENT REGIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v11i1.4Keywords:
Cognitive Radio, Energy Detection, Radio Spectrum Management, Spectrum Survey, Spectrum UsageAbstract
Radio spectrum is a scarce source and very significant to measure and monitor. The present spectrum must be exploited efficiently since every new application must be allocated to spectrum. With purpose of using the spectrum efficiently, there are worldwide research efforts on dynamic spectrum access. Among these methods, cognitive radio mostly draws attention. In order to carry out dynamic spectrum access studies successfully, available spectrum must be meticulously analyzed. In this paper, spectrum occupancy measurements between 25-3000 MHz frequency bands were made in three different regions (Selçuklu, Karatay, Meram) of Konya, Turkey in outdoors during six months. Obtained data is presented with graphics. The occupancy ratios are %5.12, %4.46 and %4.19 for Selçuklu, Karatay and Meram, respectively.
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References
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[22] Yin L., Yin S.-X., Wang S., Zhang E.-Q., Ho W.-J., Fang LI S. Quantitative spectrum occupancy evaluation in China: Based on a large scale concurrent spectrum measurement. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, 2012, 19, (3), 122–128. doi: 10.1016/S1005-8885(11)60274-4
[23] Palaios A., Riihijärvi J., Holland O., Achtzehn A., Mähönen P. Measurements of spectrum use in London : Exploratory data analysis and study of temporal, spatial and frequency-domain dynamics. IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2012, 154-165. doi:10.1109/DYSPAN.2012.6478126
[24] Van de Beek J., Riihijarvi J., Achtzehn A., Mähönen P. TV white space in Europe. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2012, 11, (2), 178-188. doi: 10.1109/TMC.2011.203.
[25] Kliks A., Kryszkiewicz P., Perez-Romero J., Umbert A., Casadevall F. Spectrum occupancy in big cities - comparative study - measurement campaigns in Barcelona and Poznan. The Tenth International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, 2013, 1-5.
[26] Xue J., Feng Z., Chen K. Beijing spectrum survey for cognitive radio applications. IEEE 78th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2013, 1-5. doi: 10.1109/VTCFall.2013.6692114.
[27] Palaios A. et al. Two days of European spectrum : Preliminary analysis of concurrent spectrum use in seven European sites in GSM and ISM bands, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2013, 2666-2671. doi: 10.1109/ICC.2013.665493.
[28] Barnes S.D., Jansen van Vuuren P.A., Maharaj B.T. Spectrum occupancy investigation : measurements in South Africa. Measurement, 2013, 46, (9), 3098-3112. doi. 10.1016/j.measurement.2013.06.010.
[29] Martian A. Evaluation of spectrum occupancy in urban and rural environments of Romania. Revue Roumaine Des Sciences Techniques: Serie Electrotechnique et Energetique, 2014,59,(1), 87-96.
[30] Subramaniam S., Reyes H., Kaabouch N. Spectrum occupancy measurement: An autocorrelation based scanning technique using USRP. IEEE 16th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference, 2015, 1-5. doi: 10.1109/WAMICON.2015.7120376.
[31] Das D., Das S. A survey on spectrum occupancy measurement for cognitive radio. Wireless Personal Communications,2015,85, (4), 2581-2598. doi.10.1007/s11277-015-2921-1
[32] Chen Y., Oh, H. S. A survey of measurement-based spectrum occupancy modeling for cognitive radios. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2016,18, (1), 848-859. doi: 10.1109/COMST.2014.2364316
[33] Gavrilovska L., Atanasovski V. Spectrum sensing framework for cognitive radio networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 2011, 59, (3), 447-469. doi:10.1007/s11277-011-0239-1
[34] Yucek T., Arslan H. A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2009, 11, (1), 116-130. doi: 10.1109/SURV.2009.090109.
[35] Şeflek, İ. Konya merkezinde EM spektrum doluluk ölçümleri ve analizi. 2016. Master Thesis. Selçuk University Graduate School of Natural Sciences.
[2] ITU-R Report SM.2152 Definitions of software defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio system, 2009.
[3] Akyildiz I. F., Lee Y. W., Vuran M. C., Mohanty S. NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 2006, 50, (13), 2127-2159. doi: 10.1016/j.comnet.2006.05.001.
[4] Sanders F. H. Broadband spectrum surveys in Denver, CO, San Diego, CA, and Los Angeles, CA: methodology, analysis, and comparative results. IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility.1998,2, 988-993. doi: 10.1109/ISEMC.1998.750342
[5] Weidling F., Datla D., Petty V., Krishnan P. and Minden G. J. A framework for R.F. spectrum measurements and analysis. First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005, 573-576. doi: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2005.1542672.
[6] Petrin A., Steffes P. G. Analysis and comparison of spectrum measurements performed in urban and rural areas to determine the total amount of spectrum usage. Proc. of International Symposiumon Advanced Radio Technologies, 2005, 9-12.
[7] McHenry M. A., Tenhula P. A., McCloskey D., Roberson D. A., Hood C. S. Chicago spectrum occupancy measurements & analysis and a long-term studies proposal. Proc. of Workshop on Technology and Policy for Accessing Spectrum (TAPAS), Boston, USA, August 2006.1.
[8] Wellens M., Wu J., Mahonen P. Evaluation of spectrum occupancy in indoor and outdoor scenario in the context of cognitive radio,” 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2007, 420-427. doi: 10.1109/CROWNCOM.2007.4549835.
[9] Chiang R. I. C., Rowe G. B., Sowerby K. W. A Quantitative analysis of spectral occupancy measurements for cognitive radio. IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007, 3016-3020. doi: 10.1109/VETECS.2007.618.
[10] Islam M. H. et al. Spectrum survey in Singapore: Occupancy measurements and analyses," 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2008, 1-7. doi: 10.1109/CROWNCOM.2008.4562457.
[11] Lopez-Benitez M., Umbert A., Casadevall F. Evaluation of spectrum occupancy in Spain for cognitive radio applications,” IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2009, 1-5. doi: 10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073544.
[12] Qaraqe K. A., Celebi H., Gorcin A., El-Saigh A., Arslan H., Alouini M. S. Empirical results for wideband multidimensional spectrum usage. IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2009, 1262-1266. doi: 10.1109/PIMRC.2009.5450192.
[13] Valenta V., Maršálek R., Baudoin G, Villegas M., Suarez M., Robert F. Survey on spectrum utilization in Europe: Measurements, analyses and observations. Fifth International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2010, 1-5. doi: 10.4108/ICST.CROWNCOM2010.9220
[14] Lopez-Benitez M., Casadevall F. Methodological aspects of spectrum occupancy evaluation in the context of cognitive radio. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 2010, 21, (8), 680-693. doi: 10.1002/ett.1453
[15] Martian A., Marcu I., Marghescu I. Spectrum Occupancy in an urban environment: A cognitive radio approach, Sixth Advanced International Conference on Telecommunications, 2010, 25-29. doi: 10.1109/AICT.2010.90
[16] Wellens M., Mähönen P. Lessons learned from an extensive spectrum occupancy measurement campaign and a stochastic duty cycle model. Springer Mobile Networks and Applications, 2010, 15, (8), 461–474. doi:10.1007/s11036-009-0199-9
[17] Taher T. M., Bacchus R. B., Zdunek K. J., Roberson D. A. Long-term spectral occupancy findings in Chicago. IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2011, 100-107. doi: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936195
[18] Patil K., Skouby K., Chandra A., Prasad R., Spectrum occupancy statistics in the context of cognitive radio. The 14th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, 2011, pp. 1-5.
[19] Vo N. Q. B., Le Q. C., Le Q. P., Tran D. T., Nguyen T. Q., Lam M. T. Vietnam spectrum occupancy measurements and analysis for cognitive radio applications. International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, 2011, 135-143. doi: 10.1109/ATC.2011.6027452.
[20] Harrold T., Cepeda R., Beach M. Long-term measurements of spectrum occupancy characteristics. IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2011, 83-89. doi: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2011.5936272.
[21] Lopez-Benitez M., Casadevall F. A radio spectrum measurement platform for spectrum surveying in cognitive radio. International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. pp. 59-74.
[22] Yin L., Yin S.-X., Wang S., Zhang E.-Q., Ho W.-J., Fang LI S. Quantitative spectrum occupancy evaluation in China: Based on a large scale concurrent spectrum measurement. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, 2012, 19, (3), 122–128. doi: 10.1016/S1005-8885(11)60274-4
[23] Palaios A., Riihijärvi J., Holland O., Achtzehn A., Mähönen P. Measurements of spectrum use in London : Exploratory data analysis and study of temporal, spatial and frequency-domain dynamics. IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2012, 154-165. doi:10.1109/DYSPAN.2012.6478126
[24] Van de Beek J., Riihijarvi J., Achtzehn A., Mähönen P. TV white space in Europe. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2012, 11, (2), 178-188. doi: 10.1109/TMC.2011.203.
[25] Kliks A., Kryszkiewicz P., Perez-Romero J., Umbert A., Casadevall F. Spectrum occupancy in big cities - comparative study - measurement campaigns in Barcelona and Poznan. The Tenth International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, 2013, 1-5.
[26] Xue J., Feng Z., Chen K. Beijing spectrum survey for cognitive radio applications. IEEE 78th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2013, 1-5. doi: 10.1109/VTCFall.2013.6692114.
[27] Palaios A. et al. Two days of European spectrum : Preliminary analysis of concurrent spectrum use in seven European sites in GSM and ISM bands, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2013, 2666-2671. doi: 10.1109/ICC.2013.665493.
[28] Barnes S.D., Jansen van Vuuren P.A., Maharaj B.T. Spectrum occupancy investigation : measurements in South Africa. Measurement, 2013, 46, (9), 3098-3112. doi. 10.1016/j.measurement.2013.06.010.
[29] Martian A. Evaluation of spectrum occupancy in urban and rural environments of Romania. Revue Roumaine Des Sciences Techniques: Serie Electrotechnique et Energetique, 2014,59,(1), 87-96.
[30] Subramaniam S., Reyes H., Kaabouch N. Spectrum occupancy measurement: An autocorrelation based scanning technique using USRP. IEEE 16th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference, 2015, 1-5. doi: 10.1109/WAMICON.2015.7120376.
[31] Das D., Das S. A survey on spectrum occupancy measurement for cognitive radio. Wireless Personal Communications,2015,85, (4), 2581-2598. doi.10.1007/s11277-015-2921-1
[32] Chen Y., Oh, H. S. A survey of measurement-based spectrum occupancy modeling for cognitive radios. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2016,18, (1), 848-859. doi: 10.1109/COMST.2014.2364316
[33] Gavrilovska L., Atanasovski V. Spectrum sensing framework for cognitive radio networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 2011, 59, (3), 447-469. doi:10.1007/s11277-011-0239-1
[34] Yucek T., Arslan H. A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2009, 11, (1), 116-130. doi: 10.1109/SURV.2009.090109.
[35] Şeflek, İ. Konya merkezinde EM spektrum doluluk ölçümleri ve analizi. 2016. Master Thesis. Selçuk University Graduate School of Natural Sciences.
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Published
2018-11-19
How to Cite
ŞEFLEK, I.; YALDIZ, E. EVALUATION OF SPECTRUM OCCUPANCY AND COMPARISON FOR THREE DIFFERENT REGIONS. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. 40–64, 2018. DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v11i1.4. Disponível em: https://jfas.info/index.php/JFAS/article/view/137. Acesso em: 29 jan. 2025.
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